Yesterday’s Influence Sunday Afternoon 3-3-24
Yesterday’s Influence Sunday Afternoon 3-3-24
Adam M. Grossman | Humble Dollar
MY FIRST DAY IN the investment industry was—unfortunately—not so great. On the morning of Sept. 15, 2008, the investment bank Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, sending the stock market into a free fall. The rest of 2008 was equally ugly, with the S&P 500 losing 37% for the year. But that experience provided investors with a valuable lesson—about the power of recency bias.
Recency bias is the mind’s tendency to extrapolate. When things are terrible, as they were on that day in 2008, it’s hard to imagine how or when things might ever get better. On the other hand, when markets are rising, it’s hard to imagine what might cause that positive momentum to slow.
Recency bias causes us to look backward—to assume that what happened yesterday will happen again tomorrow. That can lead investors to do the opposite of what would be best. Consider what we’ve experienced in just the past two years.
At the beginning of 2022, the stock market was on a tear. After hitting bottom in the spring of 2020, investment markets had been delivering steady gains for nearly two years. The economy was strong, and it looked like this good fortune would continue. But it was at that point that inflation readings began to become more problematic and, in response, the Federal Reserve began lifting interest rates. In all, the Fed raised rates seven times in 2022. The result for investors was punishing, with both stocks and bonds dropping at the same time—a rare occurrence. Stocks lost nearly 20% for the year, and bonds lost more than 10%.
By the end of 2022, investors weren’t feeling so good. Markets were down, inflation was still running high, and it was hard to see how things could improve. The notion that the Fed could engineer a “soft landing”—bringing down inflation without causing a recession—appeared remote. But just when sentiment seemed to be at its worst, inflation turned a corner. The Fed did continue raising rates into 2023, but the increases were smaller and sentiment improved. The result: Just when investors least expected it, stocks took off, gaining more than 25% for the year.
This describes just the past two years, but it’s a microcosm of investors’ experience nearly every year. Just when one trend appears to be well entrenched, something changes, upending expectations. It’s at times like this that recency bias can lead us astray. What can you do to combat it?
The simple answer would be to ignore the news. In fact, a famous study once tested this idea. Participants were given paper portfolios to trade and were split into two groups. The first group received regular news reports on their investments, while the second received less information. The result: